The Roaring 20's/The Jazz Age

Using the websites provided, answer the following questions about important people, places, and events of the 1920s.

Movies in the 1920s: http://www.1920-30.com/movies/

1. Which format was used for movies of the 1910s and 1920s?
2. Locate at least one film in which the following actors and actresses starred:

• Charlie Chaplin 
• Mary Pickford 
• Douglas Fairbanks 
• Al Jolson 

3. What was significant about the movie The Jazz Singer?

1920's Culture : 

4. The 1920s was a time of great numbers of inventions.  After looking at this site, http://www.buzzle.com/articles/inventions-of-the-1920s.html, pick 3 inventions that interested you the most and explain why it was of interest to you.

5. Define the following slang terms: http://local.aaca.org/bntc/slang/slang.htm

• “cat’s meow” 
• “a clam” 
• “dry up” 
• “flivver” 
• “fly boy”
• “goofy” 
• “hoofer” 
• “juice joint”
• "flat tire"
• "Bee's knees"
• "Swanky"
• "Torpedo"
• "jalopy"

6. Write 5 ways to describe a flapper: http://www.ushistory.org/us/46d.asp

•  
•  
• 
  
•  
•  

7. Click on the pictures for the following gangsters to see their pages.  Beside their names, explain their significance to organized crime in the United States (I am looking for three significant points for each person.)

• Al Capone 

• Carlos Gambino

• John Joseph Gotti

8. What makes a person a gangster?

History of Jazz: 

Click on the picture

Click on the picture

9. What city was Louis Armstrong from?
10. What city is considered to be the birthplace of jazz?
11. Name and describe the contribution of 2 other jazz musicians.
12. Name two locations in the New York City that were popular jazz clubs.
13. What dance craze was popular during the 1920s?

Look at these two sites before answering the questions:

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/harlem-renaissance

http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/harlemrenaissance/

14. What is the definition of "Harlem Renaissance?"

15. What are each of the following people famous for?

• Louis Armstrong
• Duke Ellington 
• Billie Holliday

16. Name three leading athletes for each of the following sports:

• Baseball
• Football
• Boxing
• Horse Racing

17. Who were two famous aviators of the day and what made them famous?

18. Name three types of autmobiles that were popular in the 1920s

The World Wars

INTRODUCTION 
An assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 sparks a global conflict. Over the course of the next thirty years, enormous bloodshed and destruction engulfs the world. Roosevelt. Hitler. Patton. Stalin. Mussolini. Churchill. Tojo. De Gaulle. MacArthur. The World Wars™ shows how the experiences of these men during the World War I era shaped them as they rose to power as world leaders. While some harnessed their power in the name of democracy in World War II, others emerged as the most infamous villains the world has seen. This character-based series looks at this tumultuous period of warfare through the actions of these iconic leaders. The series examines the two wars along one timeline starting in 1914 and continuing to 1945, covering key turning points along the way. Narrated by two-time Oscar® nominee Jeremy Renner, this series offers a compelling way for students to learn about these pivotal decades in world history, featuring stunning CGI visuals and gripping dramatic scenes. Interviews with leading historians and contributors like General Colin Powell, former Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti, Senator John McCain and former British Prime Minister John Major shed light on this transformative era.

VOCABULARY
Define the terms below before watching this series.

1. Cavalry
2. Casualty 
3. Guerilla
4. Ruthless
5. Amphibious
6. Stalemate
7. Redemption
8. Militia
9. Pacifist 
10. Holocaust
11. Attrition
12. Ideology
13. Reparations
14. Armistice
15. Extremism
16. Propaganda
17. Putsch
18. Blitzkrieg
19. Anti-Semitism

EPISODE ONE: TRIAL BY FIRE
International conflict erupts in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire, in June 1914. A complex web of alliances among nations is triggered and a war of unprecedented scale breaks out a month later. Over the course of the next four years, an entire generation is shaped by this war. World War I eventually involves dozens of countries, introduces new technologies of war, and leaves behind millions of casualties. George Patton, Charles De Gaulle, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Benito Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Franklin Delanor Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler are men who come of age during these years. In this episode viewers learn about the experiences of these men, the costs and consequences of warfare, and the ways World War I set the stage for on-going world conflict.

1. Which nations made up the Central Powers and the Allies during World War I? (Create a chart of these nations to refer back to as you study WWI and WWII.) 
2. What was George Patton’s innovation in the battle against Pancho Villa in Mexico? Why was this invention such a big turning point in modern warfare? 
3. What were some of the characteristics of trench warfare? Why do you think the “stalemate” continued for so long? 
4. When did the United States enter World War I? What was the significance of the entry of the U.S. into the war? 
5. What was the Gallipoli campaign and why was it so important? What role did Churchill play and how do you think it affected his life and career? 
6. What role did Russia play during World War I? How do you think Stalin was shaped by the Russian Revolution? 
7. What is a “war of attrition” and how does this phrase apply to WWI? 
8. What were some of the leadership characteristics of George Patton and Douglas MacArthur? Do you think they had characteristics common in many leaders? Discuss. 
9. How did World War I finally end? What were the major outcomes of the war? 
10. How do you think Hitler’s experiences in WWI shaped him as a person and a leader? What ideological philosophies did he develop after the war?

Primary Source Activity: The Zimmermann Telegram
One of the motivators for the U.S. to enter World War I was a secret telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico. This telegram was intercepted and deciphered by the British in January 1917. The following month, the British released the telegram to President Woodrow Wilson, and the contents were published widely in newspapers. Americans were shocked to learn that Zimmermann had tried to convince Mexico to join Germany in the war effort in return for U.S. territory Germany believed Mexico could seize from the U.S.

Transcript of Zimmermann Telegram (1917) (Decoded message text of the Zimmermann Telegram) From 2nd from London # 5747. “We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President’s attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace.” Signed, ZIMMERMANN.

1. What does the telegram reveal about Germany’s plans regarding submarine warfare? 
2. What role does Zimmermann want Mexico to play in World War I? Do you think Mexico would have agreed to this plan if given the opportunity? 
3. Why do you think the Zimmermann telegram provoked the U.S. to enter World War I? What were some of the other factors that contributed to the U.S. declaring war against Germany in April 1917?

Episode 1 - Map Activity

1. Which countries remained neutral in World War I? 
2. How far east did the Germans advance in World War I?

EPISODE TWO: A RISING THREAT

Emboldened by his experiences in battle, Adolf Hitler mobilizes membership in the Nazi Party and formulates his plan for a nationalist Germany to regain power. Benito Mussolini rises to the helm in Italy, leading the National Fascist Party. Meanwhile, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ushers the U.S. through the crisis of the Great Depression. In Japan, the quest for expansion and international power leads to increased militarization. Hideki Tojo rises up the ranks. Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany in 1933 and by 1939 the world explodes into war. After forming a Nonaggression Pact with Russia, Hitler attempts to conquer Europe, with Japan and Italy as allies. Churchill, now British Prime Minister, does his best to keep Britain from total collapse while the U.S. weighs the consequences of entering the war.

1. Who were the Axis and Allied powers during World War II? Create a chart of these alliances to refer back to as you study this period. 
2. Why do you think Hitler was so successful in mobilizing others to follow him? What were his main goals and how did he plan to achieve them? 
3. Why did FDR choose to curb military funding during the New Deal? Do you think this was the correct decision at the time? Discuss. 
4. Why did Mussolini decide to invade Ethiopia? How did this decision tie in with his larger plans for Italy? 
5. Why do you think Stalin decided to form a pact with Hitler in August 1939? 
6. What was the political strategy known as “appeasement”? Do you think it was effective during World War II? Discuss. 
7. How would you describe the differences between Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill in their approach to leadership during the early years of World War II? 
8. Why do you think Roosevelt did not push to involve the U.S. in World War II right away? Do you think this was the right decision? Discuss. 
9. What were some of the main goals of Japan in the years before and during World War II? Who was Hideki Tojo and how did he help achieve these goals during this era? 
10. This episode ends right before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. At this moment in the war, what would you predict as the outcomes of the conflict? Discuss.

Primary Source Analysis: FDR’s “Four Freedoms Speech”
On January 6, 1941 President Franklin Roosevelt delivered his Annual Message to Congress which later became known as his “Four Freedoms Speech.” In this address, Roosevelt outlined the critical importance of American support to Britain during World War II. Below is an excerpt from his address.

President Franklin Roosevelt’s Annual Message (Four Freedoms) to Congress (1941): Excerpt
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world. That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb. To that new order we oppose the greater conception—the moral order. A good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.

1. What are the four freedoms Roosevelt describes in this speech? Why were these freedoms at risk at the time he delivered his speech? 
2. Roosevelt describes the “new order of tyranny.” What do you think this phrase refers to and what does Roosevelt see as the alternative? 
3. Which of the “four freedoms” do you think are most important, and why?

Episode 2 - Map Activity

1. When did the attack on Pearl Harbor take place? Based on this map, why do you think the attack was strategically important for the Japanese? 
2. Where are the Aleutian Islands located? Did you know there were battles that took place on U.S. soil during World War II?

EPISODE THREE: NEVER SURRENDER

Shockwaves reverberate throughout the U.S. after the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The U.S. officially enters the war. The Allies must stop both Japan and Germany. Mussolini is overthrown and the Allies win a few key victories including the Battle of Midway. Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet in Tehran late in 1943 to strategize. The Allies wrest control of Western Europe back from Hitler in June 1944 through one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history: D-Day. Patton drives his army toward Berlin. His troops make a gruesome discovery, locating concentration camps and revealing the horrific crimes of the Nazis. Tragically, FDR dies as the nation’s future hangs in the balance. Harry S. Truman becomes president. After the Allies resist his final onslaught, Hitler commits suicide and Germany exits the war. In August 1945 Truman does the unthinkable in an effort to end the conflict—he orders atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan. The war has finally ended. But how will the world rebuild, and will a lasting peace be possible? 

1. When and why did the United States enter World War II? 
2. How would you describe the relationship between FDR and Churchill? What were some of the important decisions they made together during World War II? 
3. Why do you think Mussolini failed to maintain power in Italy? 
4. What do you think were Stalin’s major goals during World War II? How did he work with Roosevelt and Churchill to achieve these goals? 
5. Why was the D-Day plan so risky? Why do you think the Allies were able to achieve success? 
6. Patton is remembered as one of the greatest generals in U.S. history. Based on what you learned in this episode, do you agree with this assessment of Patton? Discuss. 
7. What was Hitler’s “Final Solution”? What role did the Germany military and citizenry play in helping achieve this plan? When and how was it thwarted? 
8. What was the state of the world at the end of World War II? What plans were put in place to help rebuild? 
9. At the end of this episode, the war has ended but peace is not a given. Imagine you do not know what happened after 1945. Would you predict that peace was possible? Discuss. 

Primary Source: Transcript of Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War Against Japan (1941) (Excerpt)

In this speech to Congress, delivered the day after the Pearl Harbor bombing, President Roosevelt describes the attack and asks for a declaration of war against Japan.

Mr. Vice President, and Mr. Speaker, and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that Nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American Island of Oahu, the Japanese Ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our Nation. As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole Nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces—with the unbounding determination of our people—we will gain the inevitable triumph— so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.

1. In this address President Roosevelt describes the Pearl Harbor bombing as a “date which will live in infamy.” What do you think he means by this phrase? Do you agree with his assessment? 
2. What does Roosevelt say about the status of diplomatic negotiations with Japan at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack? Do you think diplomatic solutions might have still been possible if the attack had not taken place? 
3. What does Roosevelt say about the possibility of American victory in World War II? Why do you think he included these words of encouragement in his speech?

Episode 3 - Map Activity

1. Where did the D-Day invasion take place? Based on this map, why was this such an important strategic victory for the Allies?
2. Based on the distances of some of the Allied advances, why do you think motorized vehicles were so important in World War II?

WWI Web Quest

Historical Context:
World War I was supposed to be the war that ended all wars. Instead, it set the stage for future conflicts throughout the 20th Century. The people of the time called the conflict the Great War, and they believed that there would never again be another like it. Although the United States tried to remain neutral, it was eventually drawn into the conflict. The war had a profound effect on the nation, and touched upon many aspects of American life. When the war ended, the United States, and the world, was changed forever.

Your task: Download the "packet" and save it.  As you find the answers to all of the questions, save them in your packet.  This packet, once completed will be saved and emailed to me at shipdog65@gmail.com.  It will be due back to me in one week. PACKET

Area 1: Choosing Sides and War Plans:
1. Find a blank map of Europe in 1914.  On this map label the following (digital would be better, but if you have to print it out, it is acceptable).

2. Write down the 6 major Allied Powers, the 4 major Central Powers, and the 6 major Neutral Powers.

Allied Powers (6)         Central Powers (4)         Neutral Powers (6)
__________________ ___________________ ___________________
__________________ ___________________ ___________________
__________________ ___________________ ___________________
__________________ ___________________ ___________________
__________________ ___________________ ___________________
__________________ ___________________ ___________________

3.What were the central powers and the allies called BEFORE the war?
_________________________________________________________________________________

4.Which side did the United States eventually join? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________

5.Which country switched sides just before the war started? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________

6.List AND describe the five long-term causes of World War I.

•  
•  
•  
•  
• 
  

7.What was the spark that led to the immediate cause of World War I?
_________________________________________________________________________________

8.Who was General Schlieffen and what was his plan for World War I? What was his country trying to avoid by implementing this plan?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Area 2: Weapons of War:

1. List AND describe 4 weapons introduced in World War I. Be sure to explain their effectiveness and how they are used.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. What is propaganda? List at least 4 reasons propaganda posters were used?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3.What nation produced the most posters throughout World War I?
______________________________________________________________________

****Create your own propaganda poster.

Area 3: Life in the Trenches:

1. What is trench foot? What caused trench foot?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. What affects did it have on the body? What was the remedy for it?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Read the diary entries from Thomas Frederick Littler and answer the following:
a. Describe some common repetitive (repeated) themes (tasks) of trench life.
b. Define stalemate. How does the definition of this word describe life in the trenches?

A. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

B. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. What was No Man’s Land? (Please be sure to describe at least 3 distinct features.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Area 4: America enters the War:

1. What was the LUSITANIA? What is the significance of the LUSITANIA in the war? How many people died and were there any Americans on board?
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. How many Allied and Neutral ships were lost to submarines in 1917? How many Allied and Neutral ships were sunk by submarines between 1914-1918?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the Zimmerman Telegram and who wrote it? Why did Americans feel threatened by this telegram? (Think Monroe Doctrine – not sure what this is – LOOK IT UP!)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. In the Telegram, what did the German government decide to begin on Feb. 1, 1917? What was promised to Mexico in the Telegram?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. When does the United States declare war on Germany? Who was John J. Pershing?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6. What was the Brest-Litovsk Treaty? How did it affect the fighting on the Western Front? (Think Schlieffen Plan)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Area 5: Results of the War:

1. What was the name of President Wilson’s Speech to Congress on January 8, 1918?
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Through the points mentioned in the above article, how does Wilson address:

• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Navigation of the Seas
• International Trade
• Self-Determination (What does this mean?)
• League of Nations

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. How does the U.S. Congress feel about the League of Nations? Why is this League set up for failure?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. In Articles 231 and 232 of the Treaty of Versailles, what is Germany responsible for?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

5. What happened to most of Wilson’s Points in the final draft of the Treaty of Versailles? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

6. What country lost the most soldiers, and has the most missing? How many American soldiers died and what was the total number of soldiers who died in the war?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

7. When did the war end? When was the Treaty of Versailles signed? Why are these dates significant?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

8. Why did this attitude of an unfair peace and U.S. non involvement in the League of Nations help set up the foundations for a new world conflict?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________